Leros, an island in the Dodecanese, boasts a rich history that extends from the Neolithic period to the present day. Evidence of early habitation dates back to 8000 to 3000 BC, with findings in the Partheni area. The first inhabitants included the Carians, Leleges, Phoenicians, and Cretans. During the Trojan War, Leros had significant commercial and political ties with the Ionians of Miletus, as mentioned by Homer and Herodotus.
In antiquity, Leros was known for its sanctuary of the goddess Artemis and supported the democratic Athenians during the Peloponnesian War. After being taken by the Spartans, the island followed the fate of the other Dodecanese islands during the Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine periods.
During the Byzantine period, many magnificent Christian churches were built, along with castles such as the Paliokastro. In 1309, the island was occupied by the Knights of St. John and later by the Ottomans.
In the 20th century, Leros became a significant base during World War II. The Italian occupation left behind substantial military works, and in 1943, the island endured heavy bombings during the Battle of Leros, eventually being occupied by the Germans. In 1948, Leros was unified with Greece.
Today, Leros features rich archaeological findings, such as the Archaeological Museum in Lakki, which houses artifacts from the prehistoric to the medieval period, and the Folklore Museum in the Belleni Tower, displaying exhibits from the 19th and 20th centuries. Another point of interest is the “Tunnel Museum” in Merikia, showcasing World War II exhibits.
